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徐xu文wen長(zhǎng)chang傳zhuan

余yu少shao時(shí)shi過guo里li肆si中zhong，見jian北bei雜za劇ju有you《四si聲sheng猿yuan》，意yi氣qi豪hao達(dá)da，與yu近jin時(shí)shi書shu生sheng所suo演yan傳zhuan奇qi絕jue異yi，題ti曰yue“天tian池chi生sheng”，疑yi為wei元yuan人ren作zuo。后hou適shi越yue，見jian人ren家jia單dan幅fu上shang有you署shu“田tian水shui月yue”者zhe，強(qiáng)qiang心xin鐵tie骨gu，與yu夫fu一yi種zhong磊lei塊kuai不bu平ping之zhi氣qi，字zi畫hua之zhi中zhong，宛wan宛wan可ke見jian。意yi甚shen駭hai之zhi，而er不bu知zhi田tian水shui月yue為wei何he人ren。一yi夕xi，坐zuo陶tao編bian修xiu樓lou，隨sui意yi抽chou架jia上shang書shu，得de《闕que編bian》詩(shī)shi一yi帙zhi。惡e楮chu毛mao書shu，煙yan煤mei敗bai黑hei，微wei有you字zi形xing。稍shao就jiu燈deng間jian讀du之zhi，讀du未wei數(shù)shu首shou，不bu覺jue驚jing躍yue，忽hu呼hu石shi簣kui：“《闕que編bian》何he人ren作zuo者zhe？今jin耶ye？古gu耶ye？”石shi簣kui曰yue：“此ci余yu鄉(xiāng)xiang先xian輩bei徐xu天tian池chi先xian生sheng書shu也ye。先xian生sheng名ming渭wei，字zi文wen長(zhǎng)chang，嘉jia、隆long間jian人ren，前qian五wu六liu年nian方fang卒zu。今jin卷juan軸zhou題ti額e上shang有you田tian水shui月yue者zhe，即ji其qi人ren也ye。”余yu始shi悟wu前qian后hou所suo疑yi，皆jie即ji文wen長(zhǎng)chang一yi人ren。又you當(dāng)dang詩(shī)shi道dao荒huang穢hui之zhi時(shí)shi，獲huo此ci奇qi秘mi，如ru魘yan得de醒xing。兩liang人ren躍yue起qi，燈deng影ying下xia，讀du復(fù)fu叫jiao，叫jiao復(fù)fu讀du，僮tong仆pu睡shui者zhe皆jie驚jing起qi。余yu自zi是shi或huo向xiang人ren，或huo作zuo書shu，皆jie首shou稱cheng文wen長(zhǎng)chang先xian生sheng。有you來lai看kan余yu者zhe，即ji出chu詩(shī)shi與yu之zhi讀du。一yi時(shí)shi名ming公gong巨ju匠jiang，浸jin浸jin知zhi向xiang慕mu云yun。文wen長(zhǎng)chang為wei山shan陰yin秀xiu才cai，大da試shi輒zhe不bu利li，豪hao蕩dang不bu羈ji。總zong督du胡hu梅mei林lin公gong知zhi之zhi，聘pin為wei幕mu客ke。文wen長(zhǎng)chang與yu胡hu公gong約yue：“若ruo欲yu客ke某mou者zhe，當(dāng)dang具ju賓bin禮li，非fei時(shí)shi輒zhe得de出chu入ru。”胡hu公gong皆jie許xu之zhi。文wen長(zhǎng)chang乃nai葛ge衣yi烏wu巾jin，長(zhǎng)chang揖yi就jiu坐zuo，縱zong談tan天tian下xia事shi，旁pang若ruo無wu人ren。胡hu公gong大da喜xi。是shi時(shí)shi公gong督du數(shù)shu邊bian兵bing，威wei振zhen東dong南nan，介jie胄zhou之zhi士shi，膝xi語(yǔ)yu蛇she行xing，不bu敢gan舉ju頭tou；而er文wen長(zhǎng)chang以yi部bu下xia一yi諸zhu生sheng傲ao之zhi，信xin心xin而er行xing，恣zi臆yi談tan謔xue，了liao無wu忌ji憚dan。會(huì)hui得de白bai鹿lu，屬shu文wen長(zhǎng)chang代dai作zuo表biao。表biao上shang，永yong陵ling喜xi甚shen。公gong以yi是shi益yi重zhong之zhi，一yi切qie疏shu記ji，皆jie出chu其qi手shou。文wen長(zhǎng)chang自zi負(fù)fu才cai略lue，好hao奇qi計(jì)ji，談tan兵bing多duo中zhong。凡fan公gong所suo以yi餌er汪wang、徐xu諸zhu虜lu者zhe，皆jie密mi相xiang議yi然ran后hou行xing。嘗chang飲yin一yi酒jiu樓lou，有you數(shù)shu健jian兒er亦yi飲yin其qi下xia，不bu肯ken留liu錢qian。文wen長(zhǎng)chang密mi以yi數(shù)shu字zi馳chi公gong，公gong立li命ming縛fu健jian兒er至zhi麾hui下xia，皆jie斬zhan之zhi，一yi軍jun股gu栗li。有you沙sha門men負(fù)fu資zi而er穢hui，酒jiu間jian偶ou言yan于yu公gong，公gong后hou以yi他ta事shi杖zhang殺sha之zhi。其qi信xin任ren多duo此ci類lei。胡hu公gong既ji憐lian文wen長(zhǎng)chang之zhi才cai，哀ai其qi數(shù)shu困kun，時(shí)shi方fang省sheng試shi，凡fan入ru簾lian者zhe，公gong密mi屬shu曰yue：“徐xu子zi，天tian下xia才cai，若ruo在zai本ben房fang，幸xing勿wu脫tuo失shi。”皆jie曰yue：“如ru命ming。”一yi知zhi縣xian以yi他ta羈ji后hou至zhi，至zhi期qi方fang謁ye公gong，偶ou忘wang屬shu，卷juan適shi在zai其qi房fang，遂sui不bu偶ou。文wen長(zhǎng)chang既ji已yi不bu得de志zhi于yu有you司si，遂sui乃nai放fang浪lang曲qu糵nie，恣zi情qing山shan水shui，走zou齊qi、魯lu、燕yan、趙zhao之zhi地di，窮qiong覽lan朔shuo漠mo。其qi所suo見jian山shan奔ben海hai立li，沙sha起qi云yun行xing，風(fēng)feng鳴ming樹shu偃yan，幽you谷gu大da都du，人ren物wu魚yu鳥niao，一yi切qie可ke驚jing可ke愕e之zhi狀zhuang，一yi一yi皆jie達(dá)da之zhi于yu詩(shī)shi。其qi胸xiong中zhong又you有you一yi段duan不bu可ke磨mo滅mie之zhi氣qi，英ying雄xiong失shi路lu、托tuo足zu無wu門men之zhi悲bei，故gu其qi為wei詩(shī)shi，如ru嗔chen如ru笑xiao，如ru水shui鳴ming峽xia，如ru種zhong出chu土tu，如ru寡gua婦fu之zhi夜ye哭ku，羈ji人ren之zhi寒han起qi。當(dāng)dang其qi放fang意yi，平ping疇chou千qian里li；偶ou爾er幽you峭qiao，鬼gui語(yǔ)yu秋qiu墳fen。文wen長(zhǎng)chang眼yan空kong千qian古gu，獨(dú)du立li一yi時(shí)shi。當(dāng)dang時(shí)shi所suo謂wei達(dá)da官guan貴gui人ren、騷sao士shi墨mo客ke，文wen長(zhǎng)chang皆jie叱chi而er奴nu之zhi，恥chi不bu與yu交jiao，故gu其qi名ming不bu出chu于yu越yue。悲bei夫fu！一yi日ri，飲yin其qi鄉(xiāng)xiang大da夫fu家jia。鄉(xiāng)xiang大da夫fu指zhi筵yan上shang一yi小xiao物wu求qiu賦fu，陰yin令ling童tong仆pu續(xù)xu紙zhi丈zhang余yu進(jìn)jin，欲yu以yi苦ku之zhi。文wen長(zhǎng)chang援yuan筆bi立li成cheng，竟jing滿man其qi紙zhi，氣qi韻yun遒qiu逸yi，物wu無wu遁dun情qing，一yi座zuo大da驚jing。文wen長(zhǎng)chang喜xi作zuo書shu，筆bi意yi奔ben放fang如ru其qi詩(shī)shi，蒼cang勁jin中zhong姿zi媚mei躍yue出chu。余yu不bu能neng書shu，而er謬miu謂wei文wen長(zhǎng)chang書shu決jue當(dāng)dang在zai王wang雅ya宜yi、文wen征zheng仲zhong之zhi上shang。不bu論lun書shu法fa，而er論lun書shu神shen：先xian生sheng者zhe，誠(chéng)cheng八ba法fa之zhi散san圣sheng，字zi林lin之zhi俠xia客ke也ye。間jian以yi其qi余yu，旁pang溢yi為wei花hua草cao竹zhu石shi，皆jie超chao逸yi有you致zhi。卒zu以yi疑yi殺sha其qi繼ji室shi，下xia獄yu論lun死si。張zhang陽(yáng)yang和he力li解jie，乃nai得de出chu。既ji出chu，倔jue強(qiáng)qiang如ru初chu。晚wan年nian憤fen益yi深shen，佯yang狂kuang益yi甚shen。顯xian者zhe至zhi門men，皆jie拒ju不bu納na。當(dāng)dang道dao官guan至zhi，求qiu一yi字zi不bu可ke得de。時(shí)shi攜xie錢qian至zhi酒jiu肆si，呼hu下xia隸li與yu飲yin。或huo自zi持chi斧fu擊ji破po其qi頭tou，血xue流liu被bei面mian，頭tou骨gu皆jie折zhe，揉rou之zhi有you聲sheng。或huo槌chui其qi囊nang，或huo以yi利li錐zhui錐zhui其qi兩liang耳er，深shen入ru寸cun余yu，竟jing不bu得de死si。石shi簣kui言yan：晚wan歲sui詩(shī)shi文wen益yi奇qi，無wu刻ke本ben，集ji藏cang于yu家jia。予yu所suo見jian者zhe，《徐xu文wen長(zhǎng)chang集ji》、《闕que編bian》二er種zhong而er已yi。然ran文wen長(zhǎng)chang竟jing以yi不bu得de志zhi于yu時(shí)shi，抱bao憤fen而er卒zu。石shi公gong曰yue：先xian生sheng數(shù)shu奇qi不bu已yi，遂sui為wei狂kuang疾ji；狂kuang疾ji不bu已yi，遂sui為wei囹ling圄yu。古gu今jin文wen人ren，牢lao騷sao困kun苦ku，未wei有you若ruo先xian生sheng者zhe也ye。雖sui然ran，胡hu公gong間jian世shi豪hao杰jie，永yong陵ling英ying主zhu，幕mu中zhong禮li數(shù)shu異yi等deng，是shi胡hu公gong知zhi有you先xian生sheng矣yi；表biao上shang，人ren主zhu悅yue，是shi人ren主zhu知zhi有you先xian生sheng矣yi。獨(dú)du身shen未wei貴gui耳er。先xian生sheng詩(shī)shi文wen崛jue起qi，一yi掃sao近jin代dai蕪wu穢hui之zhi習(xí)xi，百bai世shi而er下xia，自zi有you定ding論lun，胡hu為wei不bu遇yu哉zai？梅mei客ke生sheng嘗chang寄ji余yu書shu曰yue：“文wen長(zhǎng)chang吾wu老lao友you，病bing奇qi于yu人ren，人ren奇qi于yu詩(shī)shi，詩(shī)shi奇qi于yu字zi，字zi奇qi于yu文wen，文wen奇qi于yu畫hua。”余yu謂wei文wen長(zhǎng)chang無wu之zhi而er不bu奇qi者zhe也ye。無wu之zhi而er不bu奇qi，斯si無wu之zhi而er不bu奇qi也ye哉zai！悲bei夫fu！

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袁宏道簡(jiǎn)介

明代·袁宏道的簡(jiǎn)介

袁宏道（1568～1610）明代文學(xué)家，字中郎，又字無學(xué)，號(hào)石公，又號(hào)六休。漢族，荊州公安（今屬湖北公安）人。宏道在文學(xué)上反對(duì)“文必秦漢，詩(shī)必盛唐”的風(fēng)氣，提出“獨(dú)抒性靈，不拘格套”的性靈說。與其兄袁宗道、弟袁中道并有才名，合稱“公安三袁”。

...〔? 袁宏道的詩(shī)(29篇)〕