hierarchy
英['ha??rɑ?k?]
美['ha??rɑrki]
- n. 層級；等級制度
詞態變化
復數:?hierarchies;
助記提示
1、hier- + -archy.
2、原始字面含義：high priest, leader of sacred rites. => ranked division of angels or clergy. => 后來，進一步引申為一般意義上的層級、等級制度。
3、因此，可以看到該詞是由最初的劃分了等級的、等級制度森嚴的宗教統治（集團/組織），逐漸演變成今天的含義的。
中文詞源
hierarchy 等級制度，社會層級
hier-,神圣性，僧侶，詞源同hieratic,-arch,統治，管理，詞源同archon,anarchy.原義為僧侶統治，神權統治，后引申詞義社會層級，等級制度。
英文詞源
- hierarchy
- hierarchy: [14] Greek hierós meant ‘sacred, holy’. Combined with -arkhēs ‘ruling’ (as in English archbishop) it produced hierárkhēs ‘chief priest’. A derivative of this, hierarkhíā, passed via medieval Latin hierarchia and Old French ierarchie into Middle English as ierarchie (the modern spelling was introduced on the basis of the Latin form in the 16th century).
At first the word was used in English for the medieval categorization of angels (into cherubs and seraphs, powers and dominions, etc), and it was not until the early 17th century that it was applied to the clergy and their grades and ranks. The metaphorical use for any graded system soon followed. - hierarchy (n.)
- mid-14c., from Old French ierarchie, from Medieval Latin hierarchia "ranked division of angels" (in the system of Dionysius the Areopagite), from Greek hierarkhia "rule of a high priest," from hierarkhes "high priest, leader of sacred rites," from ta hiera "the sacred rites" (neuter plural of hieros "sacred;" see ire) + arkhein "to lead, rule" (see archon). Sense of "ranked organization of persons or things" first recorded 1610s, initially of clergy, sense probably influenced by higher. Related: Hierarchal; hierarchical.
雙語例句
- 1. The principle of hierarchy does not equate to totalitarian terror.
- 等級制度在原則上并不等同于極權主義恐怖。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. My ambition was to travel upwards in the ecclesiastical hierarchy.
- 我的雄心是在教會中一步一步往上走。
來自柯林斯例句
- 3. See how stupidly they kow-tow to persons higher in the hierarchy.
- 瞧他們對上級唯命是從的樣子是多么愚蠢啊。
來自柯林斯例句
- 4. She rose up the Tory hierarchy by the local government route.
- 她通過地方政府的渠道在保守黨的等級制度中一步步地晉升。
來自柯林斯例句
- 5. There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.
- 那個國家有一套嚴密的權力等級制度.
來自《簡明英漢詞典》