harsh
英[hɑ??]
美[hɑr?]
- adj. 嚴厲的；嚴酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的
- n. (Harsh)人名；(英)哈什
詞態變化
比較級:?harsher;最高級:?harshest;副詞:?harshly;名詞:?harshness;
助記提示
1. hair => harsh, literally "hairy".
2. hair => har- + -sh => harsh.
3. 根據詞源可以看成是 hairish 簡化、縮略而來。字母i都被略掉。
4. 所以，該詞的字面含義是“多毛的”，由此引申為“粗糙的、毛糙的”，后來又進一步引申為“聲音非常的粗糙”，即聲音“刺耳的、難聽的”，后來又引伸出“環境非常的粗糙”，即“嚴酷的、嚴峻的、艱苦的”。
中文詞源
harsh 殘酷的，嚴厲的
可能來自PIE*kars,刮，拔，梳理羊毛，詞源同card,carduus(拉丁語，薊),chard(多刺葉甜菜).原用于形容織物多毛的，粗糙的，引申詞義殘酷的，嚴厲的。
英文詞源
- harsh
- harsh: [16] Harsh originally meant ‘hairy’. Its ancestor, Middle Low German harsch, was a derivative of the noun haer ‘hair’, and its exact English equivalent would have been hairish. By the time English acquired it, it had broadened out in meaning to ‘rough’, both literally and figuratively.
- harsh (adj.)
- originally of texture, "hairy," 1530s, probably from Middle English harske "rough, coarse, sour" (c. 1300), a northern word of Scandinavian origin (compare Danish and Norwegian harsk "rancid, rank"), related to Middle Low German harsch "rough, raw," German harst "a rake;" perhaps from PIE root *kars- "to scrape, scratch, rub, card" (cognates: Lithuanian karsiu "to comb," Old Church Slavonic krasta, Russian korosta "to itch," Latin carduus "thistle," Sanskrit kasati "rubs, scratches"). Meaning "offensive to feelings" is from 1570s; that of "disagreeable, rude" from 1610s.
- harsh (v.)
- 1580s, "sound harshly," from harsh (adj.). Meaning "make harsh, subject to harshness" is by 1991. Related: Harshed; harshing. Harshen is attested from 1821.
雙語例句
- 1. His voice was harsh as he enunciated each word carefully.
- 他一字一頓，聽上去很生硬。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. The light's a bit too harsh. You can turn it off.
- 燈光有點太刺眼了。你可以把燈關掉。
來自柯林斯例句
- 3. I hope you won'tbe too harsh with the girl.
- 希望你不要對那個女孩太嚴厲。
來自柯林斯例句
- 4. The fabric is strong enough to withstand harsh processing.
- 這種織物非常結實，能經受粗加工。
來自柯林斯例句
- 5. Issa's white beach hat gleamed in the harsh lights.
- 伊薩的白色沙灘帽在刺眼的陽光下閃閃發亮。
來自柯林斯例句