graft

      英[grɑ?ft] 美[ɡr?ft]
      • vi. 移植;嫁接;貪污
      • vt. 移植;嫁接;貪污
      • n. 移植;嫁接;瀆職
      • n. (非正式)腳踏實地地埋頭苦干

      詞態變化


      第三人稱單數:?grafts;過去式:?grafted;過去分詞:?grafted;現在分詞:?grafting;

      助記提示


      1. graphic => graft. 由于書寫用的筆的筆尖與嫁接的插條、枝條很像而引申出此含義。
      2. grave "dig" => graft(辛苦工作)。

      中文詞源


      graft 嫁接,行賄

      來自PIE*gerbh, 刮,刻,切,詞源同carve,graph. 用于植物學術語嫁接,即把切下來的一種植物移植到另一種植物上。俚語義行賄,即切下留作己用。比較 bribe.

      英文詞源


      graft
      graft: [15] Graft, in its original sense ‘plant part inserted into a living plant’ (the application to skin and other animal tissue is a late 19thcentury development), came from its resemblance in shape to a pencil. Greek graphíon meant ‘writing implement, stylus’ (it was a derivative of the verb gráphein ‘write’, source of English graphic). It passed via Latin graphium into Old French as grafe, gradually changing in its precise application with the advance of writing technology.

      By the time it reached Old French it denoted a ‘pencil’, and it was then that the resemblance to two artificially united plant stems was noted and the metaphor born. English took the word over as graff in the late 14th century (it actually survived in that form into the 19th century), and within a hundred years had added a -t to the end to give modern English graft. Graft ‘corruption’, first recorded in mid 19th-century America, may be the same word, perhaps derived from the notion of a graft as an ‘insertion’, hence ‘something extra, on the side’. Graft ‘hard work’ [19], on the other hand, is probably a different word, perhaps based on the English dialect verb graft ‘dig’, an alteration of grave ‘dig’.

      => graphic
      graft (n.1)
      "shoot inserted into another plant," late 15c. alteration of Middle English graff (late 14c.), from Old French graife "grafting knife, carving tool; stylus, pen," from Latin graphium "stylus," from Greek grapheion "stylus," from graphein "to write" (see -graphy). So called probably on resemblance of a stylus to the pencil-shaped shoots used in grafting. The terminal -t- in the English word is not explained. Surgical sense is from 1871.
      graft (n.2)
      "corruption," 1865, perhaps 1859, American English, perhaps from British slang graft "one's occupation" (1853), which is perhaps from the identical word meaning "a ditch, moat," literally "a digging" (1640s), from Middle Dutch graft, from graven "to dig" (see grave (v.)).
      graft (v.)
      late 15c., "insert a shoot from one tree into another," from graft (n.1). Figurative use by 1530s. Surgical sense by 1868. Related: Grafted; grafting.

      雙語例句


      1. I am having a skin graft on my arm soon.
      我馬上就要接受手臂的皮膚移植手術。

      來自柯林斯例句

      2. His career has been one of hard graft.
      他從事的職業勞動強度很大。

      來自柯林斯例句

      3. Their success was the result of years of hard graft .
      他們的成功是多年艱苦奮斗的結果。

      來自《權威詞典》

      4. The Japanese tried to graft their own methods on to this different structure.
      日本人試圖將自己的方法移植到這種不同的體制中。

      來自柯林斯例句

      5. Owing to graft, the manager of this company was discharged from his post and prosecuted.
      由于貪污, 這個公司的經理已被撤職查辦.

      來自《現代漢英綜合大詞典》


      激情婷婷成人亚洲综合| 久久亚洲AV无码精品色午夜麻豆| 亚洲美女视频网址| 国产亚洲免费的视频看| 国产亚洲精午夜久久久久久| 亚洲精品老司机在线观看| 国产亚洲视频在线观看网址| 国产精品无码亚洲精品2021| 亚洲欧美在线x视频| 亚洲日韩精品国产3区| 亚洲性无码AV中文字幕| 亚洲精品一卡2卡3卡四卡乱码| 亚洲国产视频久久| 亚洲乱码av中文一区二区| 亚洲AV无码专区在线电影成人| 亚洲av中文无码乱人伦在线观看 | 亚洲人成无码网站| 亚洲午夜久久久久妓女影院| 亚洲自偷自偷偷色无码中文| 国产亚洲人成网站观看| 婷婷久久久亚洲欧洲日产国码AV| 久久久亚洲精品视频| 久久精品国产亚洲AV高清热| 亚洲毛片免费观看| 亚洲入口无毒网址你懂的| 亚洲中文字幕无码mv| 亚洲av无一区二区三区| 亚洲国产精品一区二区第四页 | 日韩在线视精品在亚洲| 亚洲男人在线无码视频| 亚洲日韩v无码中文字幕| 亚洲AV中文无码字幕色三| 亚洲国产一区国产亚洲| 亚洲成在人线电影天堂色| 亚洲AV无码一区二区三区牛牛| 亚洲精品久久无码| 亚洲狠狠爱综合影院婷婷| 国产亚洲3p无码一区二区| 久久久久久久亚洲Av无码| 亚洲区精品久久一区二区三区| 亚洲最大中文字幕无码网站|